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Unknown Rissoidae Species

Gastropoda


Jarvis Aland (2014)

 

Fact Sheet

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Summary

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Physical Description

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Ecology

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Biogeographic Distribution

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Local Distribution

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Locomotion and Movement

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Functional Biology

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Anatomy & Physiology

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External Anatomy

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Internal Anatomy

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Evolution & Systematics

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Fossil History

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Phylogenetics

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Threats

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References & Links


 
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Internal Anatomy


Like all gastropods, Rissoidae undergo torsion during their larval development. Ruppert, et al.(2004) explains that torsion is the 180o anticlockwise rotation of the visceral mass, shell, mantle, and mantle cavity with respect to the head and foot. Prior to torsion a gastropods organs extend down to its posterior end (Ruppert, et al. 2004). Torsion results in the movement of the mantle cavity and organs behind and directly above the head at the anterior end, as visible in figure 13 (Ruppert,et al. 2004). The stomach is positioned dorsally at the posterior, while the mouth and anus are now anterior and ventral, creating a U-shaped digestive system (Ruppert,et al. 2004).

Similarly, the nervous system is twisted into a figure-eight shape, with the visceral ganglion at the base and the nerve ring positioned at the top of the figure eight (Ruppert,et al. 2004). A full digestive system is present, with an anus and nepridia for the release of waste. Molluscs have a central nervous system that consists of several pairs of ganglia. The cerebral ganglion (brain) is connected with the eyes, statocysts and other sense organs in molluscs. A number of other ganglia pairs are also in place to innervate the muscular foot, radular muscles and mantle.

Rissoidae have one nephridium which is a blind sac, located anteriorly, and surrounded by hemocoel. This functions in the removal of metabolic waste products in the blood. Waste is excreted from the nephridopore, which in the prosobranchs is located at the mantle cavities rear, downstream from the gills.


Figure 13: Mesogastropod internal anatomy sourced from a webpage looking at snail distribution in regards to temperature. 

Cephalic Tentacles: sensitive projections often used for sensing water vibrations and feeling surrounding objects.

Radula: transverse rows of small chitinous teeth, part of the anteriorly positioned mouth.

Foot: Fleshy, muscular structure used for locomotion, plus hunting and reproduction in some taxa. (More information of muscular foot under Appearance).

Gill: counter current respiratory structure that may be bipectinate or monopectinate in gastropods. Mesogastropoda are Monopectinate representatives.

Visceral Nerve Cord: Nerve cord running posteriorly from the cerebral ganglion to the visceral ganglia (Rawat, 2010).

Pedal nerve cord: Nerve cords running ventrally from the cerebral ganglion to another ganglion in the foot (Rawat, 2010).

Cerebral Ganglion: concentrations of nerve tissue situated above the digestive tract. Gives rise to nerves that provide the head region and associated sense organs. May connect additional ganglion to form central nervous system (circumenteric nerve ring).

Stomach: weakly muscularized region of the digestive tract between the oesophagus and intestine. Important location of food digestion.

Digestive gland: sometimes referred to as the midgut gland, this structure specialises in the creation of digestive fluids.

Gonad: may be the ovaries or testies depending on if it is male or female specimen.

Nephridium: Release metabolic waste products from the blood into the mantle cavity, waste removed by the current flowing out of the shell once past the gills.   

Pericardium: a thin walled, ovoid chamber that encircles the heart.

Auricle: Part of an open circulatory system, collects oxygen rich blood from the gills.

Ventricle: Pumps blood from the auricle into small vesicles, carrying the oxygen enriched blood to the organism’s tissues.

Note: Above information from Ruppert, et al. (2004).


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External Anatomy

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Evolution & Systematics

Classification

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